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1.Post Graduate student, Department of Agricultural Economics, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati.
2.Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Agricultural Economics, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati- 517 502, Chittoor (Dist.), Andhra Pradesh
India is the second largest producer of onion in the world after China. It enjoys 20.84 per centshare of the global onion production during 2016 (FAO, 2016). The study has been under taken to understand the area, production and yield trends of onion in India and Andhra Pradesh. Time series data on onion crop area, production and productivity in India and Andhra Pradesh (2004-05 to 2015-16) has been utilized for the present study to estimate the compund growth rates. Log-linear model was employed to calculate the growth rates.
KEY WORDS: Log-linear, annual compound growth rate,trends, production and onion.
Onion (Allium cepa) is one of the important commercial vegetable crops grown in India. It is widely grown in different parts of the country. Indian onion has two crop cycles, first harvesting starts in November to January and the second harvesting from January to May. Onion is consumed round the year by all sections of people throughout the world. It is valued for its distinct pungent flavor and is an essential ingredient of the cuisine of many regions. It possess innumerable properties like stimulant and contain volatile oil ally-propyl disulphide, which rejuvenates the body, remove toxins, revitalizes the blood and stimulates blood circulation in the body. Recent reports suggested that Onions play a part in preventing heart diseases and other ailments.
India is the second largest producer of onion in the world next to China. According to 2010 FAO estimates, India contributes nearly 19.25 per cent of world onion production ( Chengappa et.al., 2012). There is a lot of demand for Indian onion in the world, the country has exported 1588985.72 MT of fresh onion to the world for the worth of Rs. 3088.82 crores/ 479.32 USD Millions during the year 2017-18. And the major Export Destinations (2017-18) were Bangladesh,Malaysia, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates and Nepal (APEDA). Against this background, the present study was taken up to estimate the growth rates in area, production and yield of onion in India and AndhraPradesh.
For the study secondary data pertaining to onion area, production and yield was collected from National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation (NHRDF).Time series data from 2004-05 to 2016-17 on area, production and yield of onion in Andhra Pradesh and India was used to apply Cobb-Douglas Production function of the following form to know the compound growth rates of area, production and yield of onion.
‘a’ and ‘b’ are constant and parameters to be estimated respectively.
The above equation will be estimated by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique. CGR = antilog of (log b -1) x 100 Where, log b is the parameter estimated
Onion production had shown a steady upward trend, with a few exceptions, in response to increase in planted area and to a lesser account due to improvement in productivity. Area increased 2.4 times reaching a record of 1.32 million hectares in 2015-16 from about a half a million hectares in 2004-05.Yield increase during the same period was almost 35.32 per cent reaching 15.86 tons per hectare in 2015-16.
Yield has stabilized from 2008-09 onwards, consequently production was tripled from 6.43to 20.93 million tons during the above said period. It is evident from the Table 1 and Fig.1 to 3, a positive compound growth rate of 7.89, 10.86 and 2.75 per cent was observed for area, production and productivity of onion in the country.
Table 1. A rea,pr oductio n a nd yiel dofonionin I nd ia (2004-05 to 2015-16)
Table 2. A rea,pr oductio n a nd yiel dofonionin Andhra Pradesh
Although onion is cultivated all over the country, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Bihar, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat were the major producing states contributing nearly 82.71 per cent of the production in the country (2017-18). Trends in area, production and productivity were calculated for Andhra Pradesh state as it is the traditional onion growing state contributing 3.28 per cent of the total cultivated area under onion crop in the country. Table 2 shows the trends in area, production and productivity of onion from 2004- 05 to 2015-16 in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Table 3. ACGR of area, production and yield of
onion crop in major onion producing districts in Andhra Pradesh (2004-05 to 2015-16)
The results revealed that the production has increased from 387 to 697 thousand tons from 2004- 05 to 2015-16. The significant increase in production during this period was attributed to increase in area under onion crop. This was evident from the result that there was a positive growth rate of 4.84 and 4.95 per cent for area and production respectively. But the yield had shown only 0.53 per cent growth during this period. Simil ar results were observed by Sharmaet al. ( 2017) i.e., a positive growth rate in area, production and productivity of onion in the state of Rajasthan
Though India holds a leading positions in area and pro- duction, the productivity of onion (15.86 tons/ha) is very low compared to other countries
There is need to increase productivity and efforts will have to be made to improve the present post harvest technology and storage systems and educating farmers in handling the produce.
Chengappa, G. P., Manjunatha, A. V., Vikas Dimble and Khalil Shah. 2012. CompetitiveAssessment of onion markets in India. Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Centre, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Nagarabhavi, Bangalore-560072.
Hemant Sharma, T.B., Parihar and Kalpana Kapadia.Growth rates and decomposition analysis of Onion production in Rajasthan state of Indi a.Economic Affairs. 62(1): 157-161
