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Department of Seed Science & Technology, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati-517 502.
Among the viral diseases, Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Virus (ULCV) is one of the most serious disease in all urdbean growing
areas The causal agent is reported to be transmitted by seed, sap, aphid and whitefly. However, there is limited work on the development of resistant cultivars to Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Disease (ULCD) due to the non-availability of the resistant sources. Hence the present investigation was carried out at RARS, Lam, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh during 2021-22. Screening was conducted in RARS, Lam during Rabi, 2021-22 among 25 urdbean genotypes along with LBG 623 (Suceptible check) against ULCD under field conditions using 0-5 disease rating scale revealed that one genotype was found highly resistant, 10 genotypes were resistant, 9 genotypes were moderately resistant, 3 genotypes were moderately susceptible and 3 genotypes exhibited susceptible reaction to ULCV. While none of the urdbean genotypes were found to be highly susceptible to the disease.
KEYWORDS: Urdbean, ULCV, Resistance, Screening.
Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] also known as black gram, mash, mash kalai, black mapte etc., belongs to the family Leguminosae. It is the fourth most important short duration pulse crop grown in India. It is mainly consumed as ‘dal’ and in preparation of many dishes in diet. Urdbean has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and thus helps in restoring the soil fertility. It has high amounts of total carbohydrates (60%) with protein content of 25%. Urdbean crop is infected by several viral diseases such as yellow mosaic virus, Urdbean leaf crinkle Virus (ULCV) and leaf curl. Under field conditions, ULCV is severe in urdbean than mungbean and other pulse crops (Biswas et al., 2009; Rehman et al., 2018).
Urdbean leaf crinkle disease was first reported in the year 1966 from Uttar Pradesh and Delhi by Williams et al., (1968). Later in 1967, the disease appeared in Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh (Kolte and Nene, 1970). These workers, named the disease as urdbean leaf crinkle disease, proved the infectious nature of the pathogen and designated it as urdbean leaf crinkle virus (ULCV). The symptoms of disease appear in the form of extreme crinkling, puckering, rugosity and curling of leaves, malformation of floral organs, stunting of plants causing heavy yield losses annually in major urdbean producing countries of the world and also pollen fertility and pod formation is also reduced severely in infected plants (Nene, 1972). ULCV infected plants produce barren flowers and a small number of pods (Bashir et al., 1991).
The present investigation was carried out Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lam, Guntur. Geographically the RARS, Lam is located at an altitude of 31.5 m above mean sea level with 160 2’N latitude and of 800 3’E longitude. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications to evaluate all 25 urdbean genotypes. Infector row technique was used for disease evaluation. Each genotype was sown in two rows of 4 m length with spacing of 30×10 cm with a susceptible check (LBG 623). All the recommended package of practices were followed for raising good crop. Observations were recorded at 20, 40 and 60 DAS.
ULCV incidence was scored by counting the total number of plants infected in each row and per cent disease incidence was calculated by using the following formula:
Per cent Disease Incidence (PDI) =
Out of twenty five genotypes screened to ULCV during rabi 2021-22, VBN 10 was highly resistant with 0% incidence, ten genotypes viz., TU 40, TBG 129, TBG 104, GBG 1, LBG 941, GBG 45, LBG 904, LBG 933,
LBG 645 and LBG 932 were categorized under resistant with 1.26 to 10.05% incidence, nine genotypes viz., LBG 752, VBN 11, LBG 648, VBG 12-110, LBG 787, LBG
918, VBN 8, PU 31 and LBG 685 were categorized under moderately resistant with 11.44 to 19.23% incidence, three genotypes viz., GBG 4, LBG 944 and LBG 884 were found moderately susceptible with 21.1 to 22.57% incidence and rest of the two genotypes viz., GBG 12 and GBG 67 were found susceptible with 20.675 and 31.08% incidence of ULCV respectively. Check LBG 623 was also found susceptible with 32.25% incidence and none of the entries are found to be highly susceptible to Urdbean leaf crinkle infection (Fig 1).
Subba Rao (1984) screened 119 urdbean germplasm entries from Lam and NBPGR to blackgram leaf crinkle virus under natural epiphytotic conditions during kharif and found that none of the entries are found highly susceptible to ULCV, 23 genotypes showed moderately resistant reaction, 35 entries were resistant. Vijaykumar (1993) screened 40 genotypes against ULCV during 1992-93 and reported that four genotypes (PLU-807, MASA-69, LBG-667 and LBG-668) were moderately resistant, seven genotypes (PLU-290, PLU-429, PLU- 1079, PLU-1146, NP-3, KL-270-41 and UG-407) were moderately susceptible and the remaining 23 genotypes were susceptible.
Rehman et al. (2018) screened eight urdbean genotypes (Arooj, 6065-3, 6036-21, 4em-716, ES-I, M-95, ARRIM-08 and ARRIM-16) against urdbean leaf crinkle virus and correlated with epidemiological factors (temperature, relative humidity). The overall results revealed that, among all these lines, one genotype (M-95) was susceptible, three genotypes (6065-3, 4em- 716, ES-I) were moderately susceptible, three genotypes (6036-21, ARRIM-08, ARRIM-16) moderately resistant and only one genotype Arooj showed resistance response to urdbean leaf crinkle virus. Sravika et al. (2018) stated among the sixty nine blackgram genotypes screened thirty, twenty nine, five genotypes were fall under resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR) and susceptible (S) respectively.
Among 26 urdbean genotypes screened for ULCV infection, the disease occurred at three weeks after sowing i.e., 25 DAS in fourteen genotypes viz., LBG 933, LBG 944, LBG 787, GBG 12, LBG 648, LBG 932, LBG 941, VBN 8, LBG 884, GBG 45, VBN 11, GBG 4, LBG 645, LBG 623. While in 24 genotypes viz., LBG 933, LBG 944, LBG 787, GBG 12, LBG 648, LBG 932, LBG 941, LBG 904, LBG 752, PU 31, VBN 8, GBG 1, TBG 104, LBG 884, GBG 45, GBG 67, LBG 918, LBG 685, VBN 11, VBG 12-110, GBG 4, LBG 645, TBG 129, LBG 623 the disease has appeared at five weeks after sowing i.e., 40 DAS (Table 3). Among all 26 genotypes, ten were resistant to ULCV infection viz., LBG 933, LBG 932, LBG 941, LBG 904, GBG 1, TBG 104, GBG 45, LBG 645, TU 40, TBG 129.
The results were in agreement with Ashfaq et al. (2007) who observed incidence of ULCV 20 – 25 days after planting in urdbean and also with Kadian (1982) who recorded ULCV infection before 24 days old. Meanwhile, the results vary with the findings of Rehman et al. (2018) who identified disease occurrence early in one genotype at the first week after sowing, later the disease progressed with increase in the age of the plants.
In the present investigation, 26 genotypes were evaluated for their resistance to ULCD. Among the genotypes, VBN 10 recorded highly resistant reaction to ULCD. Genotypes viz., TBG 104, LBG 645, TU 40, TBG 129, GBG 1, LBG 933, GBG 45, LBG 932, LBG 941, LBG 904 were recorded as resistant reaction to ULCD. Hence, these genotypes can be utilized for the ULCD resistance breeding programme.
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